Back-to-School Student Questionnaire

Back-to-School Student Questionnaire One of the challenges of starting a new school year is getting acquainted with your students. Some students are friendly and talkative right away, while others may be shy or reserved. Provide students with a back-to-school questionnaire to learn more about each student in your class. You can also combine student questionnaires with other icebreakers during the first week of school. Sample Student Questions The following questions are some examples to consider including in your own questionnaire. Modify the questions to suit your students grade level. If you need a second opinion, run your questionnaire draft by an administrator or a fellow teacher. You dont need to have students answer every question, though you might want to give them an incentive to participate. And remember, students want to get to know you better, too- so fill out a questionnaire of your own and distribute it. Personal Details What is your full name?Do you like your name? Why or why not?Do you have a nickname? If so, what is it?When is your birthday?Do you have any siblings? If so, how many?Do you have any pets? If so, tell me about them.Who is your favorite relative? Why? Future Goals What career do you hope to have?Do you want to go to college? Why or why not?If you want to go to college, which one do you want to attend?Where do you see yourself in five years? Ten years?Do you plan to stay in this area or move away? Specific Information About This Class What do you think about [the grade level and/or subject matter you teach]?What concerns, if any, do you have about this class?What do you hope to learn in this class?What grade are you striving to earn in this class? This Year in School What are you most looking forward to this year?What are you least looking forward to this year?Which school clubs are you planning to participate in this year?What extracurricular activities do you plan to join this year- such as sports, theater, or band?Do you think that you learn better by seeing, hearing, or doing something?Do you consider yourself well organized?Where do you typically do your homework?Do you like to listen to music while you do schoolwork? Free Time Who are your friends in this class?What do you like to do in your free time?What are your hobbies?Whats your favorite type of music?Whats your favorite TV show?Whats your favorite type of movie? (For example, you might choose thrillers, romantic comedies, or horror movies.) Why do you like that genre? More About You Whats your favorite color?If you could invite three famous people to dinner, who would they be and why?What do you think is the most important quality that a teacher can have?Five adjectives that describe me are:If you were given a first-class ticket to travel anywhere in the world, where would you go and why?

Major General J.E.B. Stuart in the Civil War

Major General J.E.B. Stuart in the Civil War Major General J.E.B. Stuart was a famed Confederate cavalry commander during the Civil War who served with General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. A Virginia native, he graduated from West Point and aided in quelling the Bleeding Kansas crisis. With the start of the Civil War, Stuart quickly distinguished himself and proved an able and daring commander. Leading the Army of Northern Virginias cavalry, he took part in all of its major campaigns. Stuart was mortally wounded in May 1864 at the Battle of Yellow Tavern and later died in Richmond, VA. Early Life Born February 6, 1833 at Laurel Hill Farm in Patrick County, VA, James Ewell Brown Stuart was the son of War of 1812 veteran Archibald Stuart and his wife Elizabeth. His great-grandfather, Major Alexander Stuart, commanded a regiment at the Battle of Guilford Court House during the American Revolution. When Stuart was four, his father was elected to Congress representing Virginias 7th District. Educated at home until age twelve, Stuart was then sent to Wytheville, VA to be tutored before entering Emory Henry College in 1848. That same year, he attempted to enlist in the US Army but was turned away due to his young age. In 1850, Stuart succeeded in obtaining an appointment to West Point from Representative Thomas Hamlet Averett. West Point A competent student, Stuart proved popular with his classmates and excelled at cavalry tactics and horsemanship. Among those in his class were Oliver O. Howard, Stephen D. Lee, William D. Pender, and Stephen H. Weed. While at West Point, Stuart first came in contact with Colonel Robert E. Lee who was appointed superintendent of the academy in 1852. During Stuarts time at the academy, he achieved the cadet rank of second captain of the corps and received the special recognition of cavalry officer for his skills on horseback. Early Career Graduating in 1854, Stuart placed 13th in a class of 46. Commissioned a brevet second lieutenant, he was assigned to the 1st US Mounted Rifles at Fort Davis, TX. Arriving in early 1855, he led patrols on the roads between San Antonio and El Paso. A short time later, Stuart received a transfer to the 1st US Cavalry Regiment at Fort Leavenworth. Acting as the regimental quartermaster, he served under Colonel Edwin V. Sumner. During his time at Fort Leavenworth, Stuart met Flora Cooke, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Philip St. George Cooke of the 2nd US Dragoon. An accomplished rider, Flora accepted his marriage proposal less than two months after they first met. The couple were married on November 14, 1855. For the next several years, Stuart served on the frontier taking part in operations against the Native Americans and working to control the violence of the Bleeding Kansas crisis. John Brown. Photograph Courtesy of the Library of Congress On July 27, 1857, he was wounded near the Solomon River in a battle with the Cheyenne. Though struck in the chest, the bullet did little meaningful damage. An enterprising officer, Stuart invented a new type of saber hook in 1859 which was accepted for use by the US Army. Issued a patent for the device, he also earned $5,000 from licensing the design the military. While in Washington finalizing the contracts, Stuart volunteered to serve as Lees aide in capturing radical abolitionist John Brown who had attacked the armory at Harpers Ferry, VA. Fast Facts: Major General J.E.B. Stuart Rank: Major GeneralService: US Army, Confederate ArmyBorn: February 6, 1833 in Patrick County, VADied: May 12, 1864 in Richmond, VANickname: Knight of the Golden SpursParents: Archibald and Elizabeth StuartSpouse: Flora CookeConflicts: Civil WarKnown For: First Battle of Bull Run, Peninsula Campaign, Second Battle of Manassas, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Brandy Station, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of Yellow Tavern Road to War Finding Brown holed up at Harpers Ferry, Stuart played a key role in the attack by delivering Lees surrender request and signaling the assault to begin. Returning to his post, Stuart was promoted to captain on April 22, 1861. This proved short-lived as following Virginias secession from the Union at the beginning of the Civil War he resigned his commission to join the Confederate Army. During this period, he was disappointed to learn that his father-in-law, a Virginian by birth, had elected to remain with the Union. Returning home, he was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of Virginia Infantry on May 10. When Flora gave birth to a son in June, Stuart refused to allow the child to be named for his father-in-law. The Civil War Assigned to Colonel Thomas J. Jacksons Army of the Shenandoah, Stuart was given command of the organizations cavalry companies. These were quickly consolidated into the 1st Virginia Cavalry with Stuart in command as colonel. On July 21, he took part in the First Battle of Bull Run where his men aided in the pursuit of the fleeing Federals. After service on the upper Potomac, he was given command of a cavalry brigade in what would become the Army of Northern Virginia. With this came a promotion to brigadier general on September 21. Lieutenant General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. Photograph Courtesy of the National Archives Records Administration Rise to Fame Taking part in the Peninsula Campaign in the spring of 1862, Stuarts cavalry saw little action due to the nature of the terrain, though he did see action at the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5. With the elevation of Lee to command at the end of the month, Stuarts role increased. Dispatched by Lee to scout the Union right, Stuarts brigade successfully rode around the entire Union army between June 12 and 15. Already known for his plumed hat and flamboyant style, the exploit made him famous across the Confederacy and greatly embarrassed Cooke who was commanding the Union cavalry. Promoted to major general on July 25, Stuarts command was enlarged to the Cavalry Division. Taking part in the Northern Virginia Campaign, he was nearly captured in August, but later succeeded in attacking Major General John Popes headquarters. For the remainder of the campaign, his men provided screening forces and flank protection, while seeing action at Second Manassas and Chantilly. As Lee invaded Maryland that September, Stuart was tasked with screening the army. He failed somewhat in this task in that his men failed to gather key intelligence regarding the advancing Union army. The campaign culminated on September 17, at the Battle of Antietam. His horse artillery bombarded Union troops during the opening phases of the fight, but he was unable to conduct a flank attack requested by Jackson that afternoon due to heavy resistance. In the wake of the battle, Stuart again rode around the Union army, but to little military effect. After providing routine cavalry operations in the fall, Stuarts cavalry guarded the Confederate right during the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13. During the winter, Stuart raided as far north as Fairfax Court House. Chancellorsville Brandy Station With the resumption of campaigning in 1863, Stuart accompanied Jackson during the latters famed flanking march at the Battle of Chancellorsville. When Jackson and Major General A.P. Hill were severely wounded, Stuart was placed in command of their corps for the remainder of the battle. After performing well in this role, he was badly embarrassed when his cavalry was surprised by their Union counterparts at the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9. In a daylong fight, his troopers narrowly avoided defeat. Later that month, Lee began another march north with the goal of invading Pennsylvania. Gettysburg Campaign For the advance, Stuart was tasked with covering the mountain passes as well as screening Lieutenant General Richard Ewells Second Corps. Instead of taking a direct route along the Blue Ridge, Stuart, perhaps with the goal of erasing the stain of Brandy Station, took the bulk of his force between the Union army and Washington with an eye to capturing supplies and creating chaos. Advancing, he was driven further east by Union forces, delaying his march and forcing him away from Ewell. While he captured a large amount of supplies and fought several minor battles, his absence deprived Lee of his prime scouting force in the days prior to the Battle of Gettysburg. Arriving at Gettysburg on July 2, he was rebuked by Lee for his actions. The next day he was ordered to attack the Union rear in conjunction with Picketts Charge but was blocked by Union forces east of the town. Though he performed well in covering the armys retreat after the battle, he was later made one of the scapegoats for the Confederate defeat. That September, Lee reorganized his mounted forces into a Cavalry Corps with Stuart in command. Unlike his other corps commanders, Stuart was not promoted to lieutenant general. That fall saw him perform well during the Bristoe Campaign. Final Campaign With the beginning of the Union Overland Campaign in May 1864, Stuarts men saw heavy action during the Battle of the Wilderness. With the conclusion of fighting, they shifted south and fought a vital action at Laurel Hill, delaying Union forces from reaching Spotsylvania Court House. As fighting raged around Spotsylvania Court House, the commander of the Union cavalry, Major General Philip Sheridan, received permission to mount a large raid south. Driving across the North Anna River, he was soon pursued by Stuart. The two forces clashed at the Battle of Yellow Tavern on May 11. In the fighting, Stuart was mortally wounded when a bullet struck him in the left side. In great pain, he was taken to Richmond where he died the next day. Only 31-years old, Stuart was buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond.

Organisational Change Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Organisational Change Management - Dissertation Example The decision made, the way it should be implement and other aspects D2 will have to deal with, are analysed and explained with respect to the 5D framework. Although the decision and plan made seems to be a feasible one, its implementation and execution is of utmost importance. A regular and continuous feedback, assessment and if required, change of plan accordingly will be the key to survival of D2 Introduction This analysis is of a car components manufacturing company called D2. D2 is a France based company. It has many plants. Two are based in France, one in UK and additional plants in Spain. Since operations D2 has put in an extra effort to increase shareholder value and achieve a formidable return on its investments. This has been made possible by investing in new technology and encouraging innovation with respect to the manufacturing of products. D2 managed a competitive position in the market of manufacturing automobile parts while competing with even those manufacturing compan ies that were based in a low cost country. Ever since the economic recession has hit, the situation has changed drastically. The economic downturn has forced D2 to change it strategy and now produce fewer products and benefits from economies of scale rather than producing a whole variety of products. Secondly D2 is now more focused on cutting costs which may lead to plant closure and redundancy of staff. This is a major concern for both, the employees and management. However, the decision is yet to be announced. Appreciative Inquiry: The 5D approach Appreciative inquiry is a method of solving a problem. This was pioneered by David Cooperrider in the mid-1980s. from the Case Western Reserve University. This method can be best understood by understanding the meaning of both of the words The first word, Appreciation,  refers to the recognition of contributions or attributes of people and things that surround us. The second word, Inquiry, refers to  the act of exploring and discover ing. This reflects on the attitude of being open to any new possibilities. Combining both words together means that with the help of appreciating and acknowledging what is valuable and good with respect to the present situation. We may be able to discover the future in a positive manner. Using Appreciative Inquiry: The 5D Approach It is important to focus on the positives while applying such approach. A positive approach may help in building on ones strengths, just as conventional problem-solving may lead to minimizing ones weaknesses. Hence it is important to consider that the strategy under consideration by D2 is a feasible one. Below is an analysis of the situation of D2 with respect of the 5D framework. The 5D framework constitutes of five elements namely, Definition: the phase in which a problem is defined Discovery: the phase in which ways to solve the problem are found Dream: the phase in which a company sets up its future objectives Design: the phase that determines how thin gs should be implemented Destiny: the phase that sees the planning and implementation of the strategy Definition Before one can analyse a problem, the problem is to be defined. Economic downturn may suggest a precise definition of the problem faced by D2. It is important to understand what may happen to organisation when they face economic downturn or recession related problems. Many business analysts and researchers have narrated their views of such situations, a few of which are below. Zeidner,

Franklin electric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Franklin electric - Research Paper Example Two companies that buy various Franklin Electric products are Pentair and ITT. The company’s is well-known since it offers its products in every continent. In addition, it’s a public traded company, and currently its stock price is up 0.9% according to nasdaq.com. As any other company, Franklin does it have its competitors. Franklin Electric company’s competitors consist of: A.O. Smith Corporation, Baldar Electric Company, Lincoln Electric Company, MagneTek Inc., and Owosso Corporation. The competitors don’t have much of a major advantage as Franklin continues to produced more motors than its competitors On an annual basis. In addition, it was ranked amongst the top 1000 companies by Fortune. The company does primarily focus on creating products such as astewater pumps; sump, sewage, effluent pumps; dewatering and trash pumps. In addition, its secondary focus is on the fueling system such as tanks, pumps, and electronic controls. Undoubtedly, the company has many opportunities to expand. The company has recently acquired 75% of outstanding shares of Vertical company, located in Italy, for cash. The company believes that the transaction will attract more earnings of share. In addition, Vertical Company had the net value of 20 million Euros prior to the acquisition. Clearly, this enables Franklin Electric to increase its share, and dominate in its market. No company can keep up with Franklin Electric since this acquisition allows Franklin Electric to introduce steel pumps that were manufactured by Vertical. The competition although is stiff, has not came up with any new products as it focuses on water heaters and electric heaters. Most of the competition does not branch to fueling systems as Franklin Electric does. Franklin Electric continues to have advantage due to its broad product line and its persistence to acquisitions. Thus, the competition is in disadvantage at this point. Recently, Franklin Electric continues to improve its

Strategy and Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Strategy and Human Resource Management Essay 1. What is the difference between Corporate Strategy (or strategy formulation) and Business Unit Strategy (Strategy Implementation)? The strategy formulation is about making choices, decisions and plans for the organization. Strategy Implementation is about the ways and means to achieve those plans, decisions and choices. How to execute the strategy decisions or plans. Strategy formulation comes before strategy implementation. Strategy formulation talks about business strategy which determine how should the organization compete with others, and corporate strategy which determines where should the organization compete with others. Global strategy which determines where and how should the organization compete with others around the world. Strategy implementation talks about organizational design which determines how should the organization organized and put the formulated strategy into practice, and corporate governance, business ethics, and strategic leadership which determines what type of strategic leadership and corporate governance does the organization need and how to anchor the decision in business ethics. 2.Why is that distinction important for a firm that operates in different product markets? These distinctions can help the firm gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. In every competitive situation the winners are always those firms with better strategy. â€Å"A firm that formulates and implements a strategy that leads to superior performance relative to other competitors in the same industry or the industry average has a competitive advantage.†(Chapter 1 Strategic management) and these advantage could lead firm to success in their business. 3. What role does (or should) HR play in Strategy Formulation? HR people play in a role that clarify future management performance expectations and figure out the methods to achieve the expectations. Furthermore, HR people should help the organization to make right decisions and determine business  missions, plans and resources. Finally, ensure the objectives and action plans fit the business strategy. 4. What role does (or should) HR play in Business Unit Strategy? HR people should play in a role that help the organization to develop the means and methods to achieve the organizational change, developing employment relations, cultural learning, and ensure the execution of strategy. Ultimately, HR helps the organization to increase their ability in business action and changing and finally achieve the goal of gaining and sustaining competitive advantages.

The Real Threat Of Nuclear Smuggling :: essays research papers

The Real Threat of Nuclear Smuggling This reading was based on the controversy over the threat that nuclear smuggling poses. It begins by going over the view of each side in a brief manner. It states that some analysts dismiss it as a minor nuisance while others find the danger to be very real and probable. This reading stands mainly for the belief that nuclear smuggling is a real danger. The analysts that find this issue to be a problem say that nuclear smuggling presents grave and serious because even though the percent of these type of smuggling is less than that of drugs for example, the law-enforcement type officials are also less experienced at stopping shipments of an item such as uranium than they are in seizing marijuana or hashish. These same analysts have also found that even a small leakage rate of any type of nuclear material can have extremely vast consequences and dangers. They say that although secrecy rules make precise numbers impossible to get, Thomas B. Cochran of the Natural Resources Defense Council in Washington, D.C., estimates that a bomb requires between three and 25 kilograms of enriched uranium or between one and eight kilograms of plutonium. A Kilogram of plutonium occupies about 50.4 cubic centimeters, or one seventh the volume of a standard aluminum soft-drink can. In addition to this, analysts have found that security is much to lax in even the supposedly "most protected locations". For example, the Russian stores in particular suffer from sloppy security, poor inventory management and inadequate measurements. Then there is the virtually nonexistent security at nuclear installations that compounds the problem. The main reason for this lack of security is that pay and conditions have worsened and disaffection has become widespread. So with an alienated workforce suffering from low and often late wages, the incentives for nuclear theft have become far greater at the very time that restrictions and controls have deteriorated. Against this background, it is hardly surprising that the number of nuclear-smuggling incidents-both real and fake-has increased during the few years. German authorities for example, reported 41 in 1991, 158 in 1992,241 in 1993 and 267 in 1994. Although most of these cases did involve material suitable for bombs, as the number of incidents increases so does the likelihood that at least a few will include weapons-grade alloys. In March 1993, according to a report from Istanbul, six kilograms of enriched uranium entered Turkey through the Aralik border gate in Kars Province. Although confirmation of neither the incident nor the degree of the uranium's enrichment was forthcoming, It raised fears that Chechen "Mafia" groups had

Domestication of maize in mesoamerica

Corn: The Domestication of Maize in MesoamericaOne of the most basic demands of a human being is that of nutrient. We most eat and imbibe to last. Subsistence is a natural idea which consumes every modern worlds twenty-four hours. What will I eat for breakfast? What will I take for tiffin or will I eat out? Should I take something out for dinner or choice something up on the manner place? All of these inquiries seem at times rather complicated, nevertheless are without a uncertainty, much simpler than what may hold crossed the heads of prehistoric worlds. Merely as it is today subsistence was the centre of each civilizations universe. Whether you were mobile or sedentary each group of hunter-gatherers had to eat. It is the endurance of these societies which allows us as archeologists a extremum into the yesteryear. The procedure of garnering adequate nutrient in which to obtain a sufficient sum of Calories was foremost and first in mundane life. The procedure of domestication of cert ain workss finally led to more nucleated colonies. Let us maintain in head Morgan ‘s theory of civilization, if this is right, that cultural patterned advance is lineal ; than it is safe to presume that the lone natural patterned advance for prehistoric worlds was to passage from the huntsman gather phase of obtaining subsistence to a more agricultural life manner. One cultigen in specific was â€Å" corn † , now referred to as â€Å" maize † . In this paper an effort will do to decently explicate what corn is, how maize became a major basic in prehistoric people ‘s diet, and in conclusion how has maize been detected in Mesoamerica through grounds in the archeological record. What is maize? It is a big species of American grass of the genus Zea ( Z. Mays ) widely cultivated as a eatage and nutrient works ; known as Indian maize ( hypertext transfer protocol: //archaeology.about.com ) . Maize is a cultigen ; this is a harvest that can non propagate in the natural state without human intercession. Plant domestication can be defined as the human creative activity of a new signifier of works, dependant on human intercession, reaping and seting for endurance. Maize has a distinguishable planting season, turning season, and reaping season. There is a world-wide importance placed on â€Å" maize † . In the Western Hemisphere it is by far the most of import human nutrient harvest ( Beadle, 615 ) . It is still the most of import harvest in all of Latin America. On a world-wide footing it is the 3rd most of import human nutrient harvest, with an one-year production of some two hundred metric dozenss ( Beadle, 615 ) . When Columbus arrived from the Old World and stumbled upon this unusual harvest on the island of Cuba, basically all major races of maize-some two to three hundred- were already in cultivation and had been disseminated from its topographic point of beginning, likely southern Mexico ( which will be explained further in the paper ) , to mid-Chile in the South and to the oral cavity of the St. Lawrence River in the North. The transition below from a scientific discipline magazine will foster aid explicate the definition of corn. Corn, besides known as corn ( from the Spanish maiz ) was foremost domesticated about 10,000 old ages ago from teosinte, a wild grass that looked rather different from our modern harvest. Teosinte grew in Mexico and Central America as a bushy works with many spikes, the precursor to our familiar ear of maize. The little teosinte spikes had merely two rows of about uneatable meats, or seeds, each enclosed by a difficult covering. These seeds separated separately at adulthood and were dispersed widely. In likely less than a thousand old ages, the bantam spikes of hereditary teosinte transformed into larger ears with comestible meats that remained on the hazelnut for easy crop. How these dramatic alterations occurred has been a mystifier for over a century. Geneticists are now positive that worlds populating in the Balsas River part of Mexico were scrounging teosinte seeds when they noticed rare aberrations-likely caused by random mutations-that increased spike size dramatically. Seeds were propagated from these bigger spikes, and therefore the singular events of domestication began. By analyzing the corn genome, research workers have now confirmed that mutants in individual cistrons, such as Teosinte glume architectural ( Tgal ) . Alter meat and works construction and that alterations in many cistrons influence complex developmental traits, such as the clip to blooming. As human populations migrated throughout the Americas, new assortments of corn were selected to turn in local environments. Some assortments were maintained as alleged landraces, each turning in ecological niches in Mexico and South America. Now, these assortments and landraces hold a wealth of familial diverseness, which is being tapped for both basic research and as traits for harvest genteelness ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencemag.org/products/posters/maize_poster ) How did maize go a major basic in prehistoric people ‘s diet? Where there other utilizations or maize other than subsistence? New research shows that there is unambiguously four major independent centres of works domestication ; the Near East, China, Eastern North America and Mesoamerica. ( Smith 1989: 1566 ) The America ‘s is believed to supply the clearest record there is of agribusiness beginnings anyplace in the universe, supplying new apprehension of the procedure involved in this cardinal transmutation in human history. However, the procedure is believed to hold started in Mesoamerica. Maize has many utilizations ; nutrient, provender for unrecorded stock and energy for industries. As a nutrient, the whole grain, either mature or immature, may be used ; or the corn may be processed by dry milling techniques to give a comparatively big figure of intermediary merchandises, such as maize grits of different atom size, maize repast, maize flour and flaking grits. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //fao.org ) These stuffs have a important figure of applications in a big assortment of nutrients. Maize grown in subsistence agribusiness continues to be used as a basic nutrient harvest. In developed states more than 60 per centum of the production is used in compounded provenders for domestic fowl, hogs and ruminant animate beings. In recent old ages, even in developing states in which corn is a staple nutrient, more of it has been used as an carnal provender ingredient. â€Å" High wet † corn has been paid much attending late as an animate being provender because of its lower cost and its capacity to better efficiency in provender transition. The byproducts of dry milling include the source and the seed-coat. The former is used as a beginning of comestible oil of high quality. The seed-coat or seed vessel is used chiefly as a provender, although in recent old ages involvement has developed in it as a beginning of dietetic fibre ( Earl et al. , 1988 ; Burge and Duensing, 1989 ) . Wet milling is a procedure applicable chiefly in the industrial usage of corn, although the alkalic cookery procedure used in fabricating tortillas ( the thin, level staff of life of Mexico and other Cardinal American states ) is besides a wet milling operation that removes merely the seed vessel ( Bressani, 1972 ) . Wet milling outputs maize amylum and byproducts such as corns gluten, used as a provender ingredient. It is this level staff of life or tortilla that is speculated to hold been used in pre-historic times. This is non the tortilla that we think of today, nevertheless, the basic construct is fundamental and could hold been used even 10,000 old ages ago. George W. Beadle ‘s research shows that the chance of corn being likewise used as what we refer to as â€Å" popcorn † is high. This high chance points to the usage of teosinte, which has been argued among bookmans as an un-usable merchandise, hence non an ascendant of corn. Beadle ‘s research has proven that even the triangular meat of teosinte could hold been heated on het sand, hot stone or fire and would hold popped. There is guess that in prehistoric clip, maize had a spiritual and ceremonial intent. It is written that in the tallness of the Incan imperium corn was used in ritual and ceremonial assemblages in the signifier of beer. ( Fernandez-Arnesto ; 243 ) There is n't anything to bespeak any different anyplace else that corn has turned up within the archeological record. With a better apprehension of corn and its possible maps, allow ‘s reference where corn originated. Blake, Clark, Chisholm, and Mudar consider the passage to agribusiness in the Formative period of coastal Mesoamerica ( from about 1500 B.C. to the birth of Christ ) , specifically along the Pacific seashore of Chiapas, Mexico. These bookmans review the grounds from this country in footings of two viing hypotheses: the competitory banqueting theoretical account of Hayden ( 1990 ) and the interaction of workss and worlds as described by Rindos ( 1984 ) and Flannery ( 1986 ) . MacNeish ‘s work in the Tehuacan Valley has shown that the beginnings of corn and its integrating into a system of agricultural production that included a assortment of workss began every bit early as 7000 B.C. The earliest people to utilize and cultivate these workss were non sedentary, alternatively, they were mobile foragers who incorporated these domesticates into a complex seasonal form of hunting and collection ( MacNeish 1967, 1972 ; Flannery 1968 ; Flannery 1986 ) . It has been believed that from Formative times frontward that corn is typically seen as the chief basic harvest in Mesoamerican prehistoric culture. Agricultural promotion has long been thought of as the basis of early sedentary small town life and one of necessary conditions for the development of complex society ( MacNeish 1972 ) . Maize yields a high sum of thermal consumption which is necessary in the procedure of prolonging the degree of activity that prehistoric people in Mesoamerica needed to last. A recent re-analysis by Farnsworth et Al ( 1985 ) of archeological informations from the Tehuacan Valley, including a stable C and nitrogen analysis of the human skeletal remains, suggests that a heavy dependance on grains, including corn began every bit early as the Coxcatlan stage ( ca. 5000-3000 B.C. ) . In Oaxaca, excavated macrobotanical remains show that domesticates, including corn, beans, squash, and avocados, were in usage and consumed both before and after the visual aspect of the first sedentary small towns ( Flannery 1976, 1986 ) . Kirkby ‘s ( 1973 ) survey of agricultural production suggests that the chief basic, corn, was cultivated and relied upon from the Early Formative Tierras Largas stage ( 1400-1150 B.C. ) onwards. She suggests, nevertheless, that corn did non make a threshold of productiveness, until about 100B.C. when larger assortments allowed greater outputs per cultivated hectares of land. The premise is that as corn hazelnut size grew, and the works be came more productive, so early villagers came progressively to trust on it as a subsistence basic. Both the Tehuacan and the Oaxaca information suggest that after agricultural merchandises, peculiarly corn, became of import in the subsistence system by the Late Archaic period, the tendency towards increasing trust on these workss continued through clip. The motion of a comparatively little sum of corn from established agro-ecology over long distances into a new environment is tantamount to an evolutionary constriction or a laminitis event ( King, 1987 ; Mayr, 1963 ) . Because merely a little part of the population is represented after one of these events, trying mistake will ensue in, among other things, changed cistron frequences, dislocation of co-adapted cistron composites, and sometimes increased linear familial variableness ( Cheverud and Routman, 1996 ) . The above mentioned on page 2 and 3 of this paper attempted to explicate the procedure of genetic sciences when involved in the procedure of promotion of a works. We can mention to this as agricultural development. Farming in modern twenty-four hours seems to be, from an foreigner looking in ; â€Å" difficult work † , â€Å" dirty work † , and â€Å" humdrum work † . If with modern equipment agriculture is hard what would it hold been like in prehistoric Mesoamerica? Why farm at all? We look at runing game now in present twenty-four hours society as romantic and sportsman like. There is a challenge to the â€Å" game † . There is fancy equipment purchased and good maintain. Hunters tell narratives that are passed on from coevals to coevals, runing narratives in prehistoric culture had to be merely as exciting and the material of which myths were made. So, once more why farm at all? Many bookmans have argued that without agribusiness societies would non hold existed. Merely agribusiness, with its form of population growing, urbanisation, and economic excesss has produced civilisations ( Reed, 5 ) . Therefore assisting to explicate why agribusiness led to complex soci eties. Changing conditions such as height, rainfall, dirt, and seasonal temperature rand and latitudinal differences in the length of twenty-four hours during turning seasons led to the eventual diffusion of maize northward into North America, nevertheless for the interest of this paper the focal point will stay on Mesoamerica. The research indicates that the grounds in the archeological record states that the coastal countries show maize before any other country. Coe and Flannery until the 1980 ‘s were the lone two research workers to describe domesticates at Early Formative metropoliss along the Pacific Coast of either Chiapas or Guatemala. Other than these few incidences comparatively few sites have produced macrobotanical grounds of cultigens among their subsistence remains. Richard â€Å" Scotty † MacNeish conducts what he called â€Å" the great maize Hunt † in 1958. MacNeish believed by tracking pre-ceramic caves in the southern portion of Mesoamerica, viz. , in the caves of Copan and the Comeagua Valley of Honduras he would hold a better opportunity of tracking the maize ( MacNeish 1962 ) . His hunt extended to Zacapa Valley of Guatemala in 1959, every bit good holding brief visits in Oaxaca and the Rio Balsas Valley of Guerrero. In 1961 MacNeish and his squad started the Tehuacan undertaking which yielded to be a great incredible success. Among many inquiry with this undertaking MacNeish and his co-workers were able to work out the job of the beginnings of maize and were able to assail the how and the why of many other domesticated workss in upland Mesoamerica. Harmonizing to MacNeish the sum of artefacts ( 50,000 lithics, more than 100,000 works remains, over 10,000 castanetss and some 250 human fecal matters ) found in the 454 sites gave the squad a clip span that approximately stretched from 20,000 to 2000 B.C. Since MacNieshs ‘ research and diggings at that place have been over 1000 sites found and more archeological grounds to back up his original findings. In decision, the subject of â€Å" corn † is one that has intrigued and puzzled archeologists for many old ages. The domestication and development of corn in and of itself causes much argument. It is because of great archeologists like MacNeish and his firm wonder of the â€Å" great maize Hunt † as to why we have the information that we have today. The mere grounds of 454 sites going 1000 in a affair of old ages speaks for itself. The fact remains that there are 4 major independent centres of works domestication, the Near East, China, North America, and Mesoamerica. It is the purpose of this paper to hold clearly introduced even the novitiate of individual ‘s to what precisely is the definition of corn, how maize became a major basic in prehistoric people ‘s diet, and how corn has been detected in Mesoamerica through grounds in the archeological record.

Should Boxing Be Banned?

What do Boxing, Sky Diving, Horseback Riding, and Climbing Mountains have in common? All of these sports can be very dangerous to perform some more than others but dangerous all the same, yet thousands of people continue to attempt these sports and many more dangerous activities evry day. An obvious question somebody might ask is why doesn’t anyone stop these people from doing these sports if their so dangerous? The simple answer is, its nobody else’s business what other people do. You can not tell someone else what they can and can not do, that’s a violation any persons rights. For example, many people think boxing should be banned because it imposes danger to a body’s health, but I on the other hand do not think it should be banned at all, merely reformed in some rules and other components in boxing such as safety and fighting techniques. Many boxing regulations are designed to keep the boxers as safe as possible. Although the main objective is to basically harm your opponent, it is actually more complicated than that. There are many rules about gear, safety, injuries and fouls. For instance, boxing gloves and headgear are designed to cushion impact when you hit somebody or get hit. Grease is also used because it helps punches slide off wherever you have gotten hit. Matches are no longer a minimum of 15 rounds, they can be stopped at any time during the fight if a referee deems a boxer unable to fight any longer. Also, all coaches and referees must attend 2 yearly meetings to take exams and learn more about the safety guidelines of boxing. If they do not pass these exams then they can not participate in boxing or be involved in any way except for being a spectator to this sport. (Canadian Boxing Association 1) Many people also believe that amateur boxing is the same as professional boxing, but people involved in boxing would know that that’s not true. Amateur boxing is one of the worlds most regulated sports ever, therefore there are less severe injuries. Studies have shown that 30% of kids ages5 to 14 have been seriously injured at least once in their lifetime due to sports, but less than 1. 7% of those injuries were from amateur boxing. Also less than 4. 2% of children diagnosed with Mild Traumic Brain Injury receive these injuries because of either football, soccer or baseball but not boxing. Now professional boxing is slightly different from amateur in that once a match has begun it can not be ended unless a boxer to T. K. O or has forfeited. Moreover, professional boxing is seen as more of a business and concerns for bigger paychecks are very high. It is for these reason and many more that some people think or say that amateur boxing should be the only kind of legal boxing allowed in any country. Pena 1) As indicated earlier, there are other dangerous sports in this world and boxing isn’t nearly the most dangerous one, so why is only boxing being proposed for banning? The answer to this question no one is really sure about, but one thing we are sure of is out of 100,000 deaths or fatal injuries due to sports boxing is only responsible for about 1. 3% of that 100,000. The British Medical Association, howeve r, states that the harm inflicted by boxing in caused purposefully, well it generally is , and that the harm inflicted by other dangerous sports are only accidental, which may or may not be true, nobody knows for sure. But, in the long run, its really nobody else’s business what you do for a living or what you do in your spare time, if you love doing something nothing can stop you from doing it every day if you wanted. Not even the government or state can have a say in which sports you choose to participate in, the only thing they can do really is alter or change the rules and safety guidelines of the sport. In boxing there have already been major changes over the past decades. For example, ringside medical care has been more actively enforced ten-fold just over the past 3 years. Also, a licensed doctor and several paramedics are kept on sight at all boxing matches with a ready ambulance and any tools or instruments that are needed for a surgery, if one is required immediately. The more radical ideas about changing boxing are less admired by the public eye. For instance, there have been rumors about professional boxers being required to wear headgear, much like amateur boxers do at every match, and restricting blows to your opponents head or face area. These rules if actually enforced would indeed help protect the boxers way more, but in a way would reduce the appeal of the sport to many people. Wither way though, with or without headgear and the banning of blows to the head or not, injuries are bound to happen in any way shape or form. Many of these injuries like Parkinsons, Chronic Brain Damage or Mild Traumic Brain Injuries are not caused by just one match of boxing. These injuries are only accumulated over a boxers career or lifetime. So realistically it would be a long time before a boxer would get any serious or fatal injuries. Still there are people who believe that banning boxing would be a good thing to do. There are many groups, associations and even countries who campaign to end boxing for good. Some of the countries that actually banned boxing are Norway and Sweden. One of the more bold associations, the British Medical Association, have been campaigning against boxing since 1982, which is over 25 years. The BMA has been against boxing for so long because they think that the sport is very dangerous and makes violence look like an OK thing to do. The BMA proposes that the first step to getting rid of boxing for good is to first ban boxing At amateur level, which would be banning it for children ages 7 to 16, because they believe that boxing at this young an age is also very dangerous more than boxing at a professional age and that iut exploits children by placing them in rings and allowing them to fight one another. (Laurance 1) Likewise there are many doctors’ who agree that boxing should be banned due to the serious nature of the injuries. They believe that there is absolutely no safe level of boxing, that any hit or blow can contribute to complications of the brain and other main organs or even death. These doctors conclude that putting an end to this degrading spectacle as they call it would put an end to deaths, injuries, and brain damage caused by boxing. It could also end hundreds of young men and boys putting their lives at risk every day just for some sport. (Laurance 2) With all these reasons to ban boxing, some people would think that there are no positive outcomes or pros of this sport, yet there is. There are also many reasons why banning boxing would be a bad thing to do. One of the many motives for keeping boxing around is tat if boxing were made illegal it would only send the sport underground much like dogfights and chicken fights. I’m not saying that dogfights and chicken fights should be made legal because that’s just wrong, but I am saying that once boxing goes underground its going to be very hard to keep safety rules and regulations a part of the sport like they are now. There would also be no licensed or legal doctors on sight to help fighter as soon as possible when they get injured. It was also proven that 70 years ago, when boxing was taught in school, that society was less violent and people were less aggressive against each other. Boxing teaches people self control over their aggression and tempers in bad situations, which is very helpful for everyone. There are many benefits to boxing, as well,

The Railroads essays

The Railroads essays One of the major events in the gilded age was the construction of the railroads. At that time there was no artifact of the new industrial culture as powerfully symbolic as the locomotive. In this time period the ton-miles of freight carried by the thirteen principle lines in the country rose from 2.16 billion to 14.48 billion, an increase of six hundred percent. In the next couple years track mileage more than tripled from thirty five thousand to about hundred and fifteen thousand miles, with about eighteen thousand locomotives in service. In the congressional legislation that paved the way for the transcontinental railroads, it was provided that the line should move west from Council Bluffs under the direction of the Union Pacific and the east from Sacramento under the auspices of the Central Pacific. Each company was to receive ten alternating sections along its right of the way to help defray the cost of construction. The Central Pacific was a partnership of five men, all newcomers to railroad building. Collis Potter Huntington was a coarse, rough man who, like Jay Gould, began his career as a peddler. Huntington formed a partnership with Mark Hopkins, his partner in hardware store; Leland Stanford, a grocer; Charles Crocker, a former gold miner; and a brilliant engineer, Theodore Dehone Judah, to build a railroad across the Sierra Nevada. The five men got their contract to build their railroad. So the rails were pushed forward relentlessly in the face of heavy snowfall, avalanches, and, in the summer, blistering heat. On several occasions whole construction camps were buried under hundred feet of rock and earth by avalanches. As the track moved west to east, laying the rails developed into a race between the construction crew of the Central Pacific and those of the Union Pacific. The line that built the longest stretch of railroad bed could claim the largest number of sections and, it was hoped, the l ...

How to Find the PHP Document Root

How to Find the PHP Document Root The PHP document root is the folder where a PHP script is running. When installing a script, web developers often need to know the document root. Although many pages scripted with PHP run on an Apache server, some run under Microsoft IIS on Windows. Apache includes an environment variable called DOCUMENT_ROOT, but IIS doesnt. As a result, there are two methods for locating the PHP document root. Finding the PHP Document Root Under Apache Instead of emailing tech support for the document root and waiting for someone to respond, you can use a simple PHP script with getenv (), which provides a shortcut on Apache servers to the document root. These few lines of code return the document root. Finding the PHP Document Root Under IIS Microsofts Internet Information Services was introduced with Windows NT 3.5.1 and has been included in most Windows releases since then- including Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10. It does not supply a shortcut to the document root. To find the name of the currently executing script in IIS, begin with this code: print getenv  (SCRIPT_NAME); which returns a result similar to: /product/description/index.php which is the full path of the script. You dont want the full path, just the name of the file for SCRIPT_NAME. To get it, use: print realpath(basename(getenv(SCRIPT_NAME))); which returns a result in this format: /usr/local/apache/share/htdocs/product/description/index.php To remove the code referring to the site-relative file and arrive at the document root, use the following code at the beginning of any script that needs to know the document root. $localpathgetenv(SCRIPT_NAME);$absolutepathrealpath($localPath);// fix the Windows slashes$absolutepathstr_replace(\\,/,$absolutepath);$docrootsubstr($absolutepath,0,strpos($absolutepath,$localpath));// an example of useinclude($docroot./includes/config.php); This method, although more complex, runs on both IIS and Apache servers.

Group dynamics and working in teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Group dynamics and working in teams - Essay Example Next, Tuckman requires that each group member must act in a manner that will ensure achievement of group goals or objectives (King, 2013). Specifically, the Tuckman theory of group dynamics focuses on five phases (Connell, 2009). Bruce Tuckman coined the term in his honor. Tuckman emphasized that five phases must be procedurally implemented in order to generated quality group output. The first Tuckman phase is forming. The phase indicates each team member tries to be accepted in the team. The members start forming the team. Team formation includes determining the functions or responsibilities of each team member (Forsyth, 2009). In the current home care working group, the team leader explains in detail the responsibilities of each team member. Each team member focuses on understanding the assigned tasks. The group members exchange pleasantries in order to get to know each other better. Consequently, the group members discuss their educational attainments, work experiences and other ice breaker topics (Clements, 2008). Further, the second Tuckman phase is storming. The phase requires tolerance among the team emphasized. Tolerance is required in order to diffuse any conflicts among the team members. As each member tries to impose one’s ideology or concept on the other team members, conflicts often arise. Tolerance means meeting halfway. There is a give and take of concepts or ideologies. Failure to tolerate the other group members’ persistent requirements or preferences may trigger a disintegration or dismemberment of the group (Schweighofer, 2011). In the current home care working group, each team member is encouraged to discuss one’s responsibilities. There is a no holds barred policy implemented. The three shift nurses discuss the required daily healthcare procedures, in terms of alleviating the hypertensive elderly patient’s well-being. Consequently, the three home care workers and